In Buddhism, Gautama Siddhartha, the Buddha (c. 6th 4th century bce), rejected the Upanishadic belief that all things are a single substance that is God and instead advanced the concept of anatta (Pali: "non-self").
Recognition of the fact of suffering as one of three basic characteristics of existence along with impermanence (anichcha) and the absence of a self (anatta)—constitutes the "right knowledge".
Although Buddhism denies the existence of an unchanging, substantial soul or self as against the notion of the atman it teaches the concept of anatman (Pali: anatta; "non-self")—it holds to a belief in the transmigration of the karma that is accumulated by an individual in life.
Two key notions, even in early Buddhism, are those of anatta (Sanskrit anatman; "no-self") and nibbana.
Anicca, anatta (the absence of an abiding self), and dukkha ("suffering") together make up the ti-lakkhana, the three "marks" or basic characteristics of all phenomenal existence.
The idea of the immortal soul is challenged by the anatta ("no soul") doctrine, with its claim that the personal mind or soul is not an enduring substance but a succession of fleeting moments of consciousness.
The former, he stated, would be incompatible with his thesis that all laws (dhammas; Sanskrit dharmas) are selfless (sabbe dhamma anatta); the latter would be significant only if one had a self that is no more in existence.
The Buddha apparently wanted his famed doctrine of anatta to be a phenomenological account of how things are rather than a theory.
And in seeing these four truths one realizes the ultimate truth dhamma about the world".[8] The second, "descriptive" soteriological process involved in the categorization of dharmas reveals the fluid nature of sentient experience and validates the fundamental Buddhist teaching of not-self (Skt., anātman, Pali, anatta).
Rather, Buddhist theories of mind center on the doctrine of not-self[1] (Pāli anatta, Skt.[2] anātma), which postulates that human beings are reducible to the physical and psychological constituents and processes which comprise them.
