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Salmon extended Reichenbach's approach, effectively thinking of explanation as identifying the causes of phenomena and, consonant with empiricist scruples, attempting to provide an analysis of causation in terms of statistical relations.
They were divided (and continue to be divided) into two groups: those who believed that Humean worries about causation are important and that, in consequence, a prior analysis of causation is needed, and those who think that Hume and his successors adopted a faulty picture of human knowledge, failing to recognize that people are capable of detecting causal relations perceptually.
This appears to rob the theory of its status as a reductive analysis of causation.
The best known counterfactual analysis of causation is David Lewis's (1973b) theory.
In "Causation" (1973b), Lewis put forward an analysis of causation in terms of counterfactual dependence.
The problem is made clearer by Reid's second objection to Hume's analysis of causation and constant conjunction.
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However, intense discussion over forty years has cast doubt on the adequacy of any simple analysis of singular causation in terms of counterfactuals.
Loss-of-function alleles are maximally informative in the analysis of chains of causation.
Therefore, focusing on external manifestations must include analysis of their internal causation, since as Sorokin [5] postulates, there is a strong link between inner thought processes, worldviews and external phenomena, due to a propensity to "incorporate, or realize, or externalise, the internal experience" [5, p. 20].
To take the classic example from Hume's analysis of the concept of causation, there is no difference between saying "A is always followed by B" and saying "A is necessarily always followed by B".
Hume's general analysis of the nature of causation, as developed in the Treatise and first Enquiry, makes clear that this is his view of this matter.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com