Additionally, more studies are also needed to analyse whether and how pain patients, for example cluster headache patients, show a different smoking dependent trigeminal pain processing compared with healthy controls.
The purpose of this article is to analyse whether and how a PBD programme can be transferred to a European context, and whether it can contribute to reduced car dependency.
In order to analyse whether and how the intermediate event changes the hazard functions, the ratio λ23 t, d)/ λ13 t) for approach J and S are compared graphically.
In this current review we were particularly interested in analysing whether and how current tools and indicators enable systematic measurement of processes of minimal (or non-) intervention in support of physiological or 'normal birth' and associated outcomes.
Accordingly, it might be interesting to analyse whether and how the preservativity of such tools influences the strength of different biases, compared, for example, to an analogous orally transmitted tradition.
Our analyses examine whether and how the importance of different sources changed among smokers as prevalence declined.
Conclusions There is large diversity on whether and how analyses of primary outcomes are adjusted in randomized controlled trials and these choices can sometimes change the nominal significance of the results.
Such analyses can also help to understand whether and how life-history diversity can be maintained, supporting the portfolio effect, whereby a diverse 'portfolio' of populations and traits among populations increases long-term stability (Schindler et al. 2010), among harvested populations.
We applied sensitivity analyses with the use of credibility ceilings to assess whether and how the results of meta-analyses of biomarkers and cancer risk would change.
This may optimise the quality of the data and the analysis, reduce dilemmas regarding whether and how to analyse such data, and result in a more ethical approach to making best use of the data which respondents kindly provide.
