All completed trials were included in the analyses; trials were excluded if the monkey did not make a choice from the 2 possible choice stimuli.
Such a review should include a thorough bias risk assessment, meta-analyses, trial sequential analyses, and reports on harm from observational studies [ 9, 45, 68, 76- 78].
Clinical decision-making should primarily be based on systematic reviews of all randomised clinical trials with low risk of bias including meta-analyses, trial sequential analyses, and obtained consensus of clinical significance [ 9, 45, 68, 76- 78].
We analysed trial results on an intention-to-treat basis where the necessary data were available.
11 12 Analysing trial data by behaviour removes the benefit of randomisation, yielding results that are generally biased.
Of the 11 included qualitative studies, nine used interviews (semistructured; in-depth), 31 33 35–41 two used focus groups 32 34 and one study also analysed trial documents.
The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the efficacy of the oral administration of herbal medicines for otitis media with effusion through analysing trial data.
In summary, while there are different methods available for analysing trial data with baseline and post-treatment measurements, the recommended approach is ANCOVA for the reasons outlined.
We analysed trial participants in groups to which they were randomized, regardless of how much of the intended intervention they actually received.
We have provided details of the specific ICCs used and of any additional methods required to analyse trial data in the additional tables.
The aim of this systematic review is to analyse trial data on the effectiveness of a herbal medicine (Gan Mai Da Zao (GMDZ) decoction) in treating depression.
