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Titles in close to half of included systematic reviews and meta-analyses of harms did not mention any harm related terms (proportion of reviews 0.46 (95% confidence interval 0.40 to 0.52)) and had no report of a patient population or condition under review (0.42 (0.36 to 0.48)).
Less than half of the RCT abstracts reported the study as randomized in the title, the number of participants analysed, details of harms, trial registration and source of funding.
In particular, the items related to randomisation, concealment of allocation, blinding of outcome assessors, flow of participants, subgroup analyses and harms of acupuncture should be more completely reported in future Korean RCTs of acupuncture.
In sensitivity analyses, the association of harm avoidance and the rate of change in parkinsonism remained significant when we excluded individuals with a history of stroke (N = 102, 11.6%) or Parkinson's disease (N = 13, 1.4%) which might cause more severe parkinsonism (Stroke: Estimate = 0.006, S.E. = 0.001, p < 0.001); PD: Estimate = 0.005, S.E.
Consequently, analyses have focused on predictors of harms from others' drinking and feelings of safety at an individual respondent level rather than establishing measures of population prevalence in any country.
Three members of the group (EJJ, NRC and JAJ) felt that the evidence is still too limited to include reductions in breast, prostate and lung cancer in analyses of the benefits and harms of aspirin use, and favoured a more conservative analysis that included reductions in only colorectal, oesophageal and stomach cancer.
Instead we used deterministic sensitivity analyses to explore reducing the duration of harms from surgery, assumed as permanent in the base case, to five and 10 years (see appendix on bmj.com).
We are not aware of any quantitative benefit-harm analyses of dabigatran in atrial fibrillation.
Analyses of the sub-scale components of harm avoidance showed that all of its constituent factors are associated with the rate of progressive parkinsonism.
A total of 309 reviews were identified as systematic reviews of meta-analyses primarily assessing harms, of which 13 were identified at CDSR and 296 at DARE (fig 1).
We omitted these patients from the analyses of attempted suicide or self harm, and also those with prescriptions for monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leaving 228 643 in the study cohort.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com