In the early Muslim community every adequately qualified jurist had the right to exercise such original thinking, mainly raʾy (personal judgment) and qiyās (analogical reasoning), and those who did so were termed mujtahids.
Our approach differs from most models of similarity in that LISA was not originally designed to simulate similarity judgments, but rather analogical reasoning.
Being concrete quantities already, these numerals could directly provide magnitude information in the analogical number line and thus facilitate the magnitude judgment.
Latent transition analyses identified five phases with qualitative individual differences in children's analogy solving: duplication, idiosyncratic, beginner analogical, intermediate analogical and advanced analogical reasoning.
Although Aristotle employs the term analogy (analogia) and talks about analogical predication, he never talks about analogical reasoning or analogical arguments per se.
As an analogical method of thinking, casuistry attempts to extend the judgments reached in so-called paradigm cases to new cases that present somewhat different fact patterns.
Since the law must proceed even within a pluralist society such as ours, Sunstein argues, we see that analogical reasoning can go forward on the basis of "incompletely theorized judgments" or of what Rawls calls an "overlapping consensus" (Rawls 1996).
(He tempered the comparison moments later, admitting: "I don't like analogical thinking. It's very misleading to think analogically").
Later Mohist texts make it clear that this reasoning process is regarded as a form of analogical inference or projection, which they call "extending kinds" (tui lei) — that is, "extending" our judgment of what counts as "of the same kind" to include new cases.
An analogical mechanism is foreseen in relation to bilateral agreements in the area of jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments and decisions in matrimonial matters, parental responsibility and maintenance obligations.
