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Nor do I find evidence of an outmigration response among native blacks to Southern immigration.
Moreover, a recent study assessing this type of bias among US childhood cancer survivors found no evidence of an outmigration bias in the incidence of SPCs in SEER [ 58].
The results are shown in Supplementary Tables 8 and 9. Person time was accrued from either the beginning of the analysis (1 January 2007) or the date of in-migration, whichever was later, until right censoring at either an outmigration, death, or the end of analytical period (31 December 2010).
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"Some of the decline in the black population of the city is suburbanization, but the census data could show a net outmigration of blacks from the Chicago area as a whole".
This contributes to a strong outmigration from rural areas to large urban centres producing a gradual depopulation of rural areas.
"While some people may say that it may be indicative of an increase in outmigration or a decrease in the number of people coming to Manhattan, the fact is that that number may just be a blip in the data due to some unforeseen problem, some sort of issue with the data and its quality," said Joseph J. Salvo, director of the population division of the Department of City Planning.
During the Great Migration period, blacks living in the North were clustered into a small number of metropolitan areas, effectively limiting their ability to move in response to inflows of Southern immigrants.2 While I find evidence of a white outmigration response to Southern immigration, I find no such response among blacks living in the North.
Small-cap indexes have a built-in outmigration as member stocks' market caps grow too large to be kept.
Although my local labor markets evidence implies that blacks in the North did not respond to Southern immigration through outmigration, a comparison of local and national estimates for blacks provides a unique opportunity to cross validate these approaches in a setting where the empirical evidence against outmigration is supported by historical context.
The result was to undersell Puerto Rican farmers, setting off a decades-long outmigration from the island to the United States.
Staffing levels have not been increased to accommodate scale-up of PITC and indeed many institutions have staff vacancies as a result of outmigration of HCWs, resulting in extreme pressure on the remaining staff.
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