Indeed, such redundancy is expected as an outcome of the evolutionary process [ 33].
Our findings indicate that the presence of transmissive stages of a spore forming parasite may have an important influence on the outcome of evolutionary dynamics.
To a large degree, it is possible to predict and explain the outcome of evolutionary processes by attending only to the role played by selection.
It thus appears that phylogenetic signal should not necessarily be the expected outcome of evolutionary diversification [1].
This surprising result reinforces our conclusion that variability in gene expression represents the outcome of evolutionary pressures to maintain robust expression under some situations while allowing plastic expression under others.
We also found that mites can potentially change the outcome of evolutionary conflicts within the family.
Thus, the morphometric resemblance between P. p. buettikoferi and P. p. polli is clearly the outcome of evolutionary convergence.
FBA has been successfully employed to predict genotype-phenotype relations of single gene knockout mutants [ 20] and the outcome of evolutionary experiments [ 21, 22].
Furthermore, in relation to our second aim, we have shown that mites potentially influence the outcome of evolutionary conflicts within the family.
As Box 2 illustrates, the outcome of evolutionary processes in the native range can either lead to habitat specialists or to habitat generalists.
