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On this view, causal relations have the form: c causes e relative to D, where D is an ordered pair of descriptions (for c and for e).
OWL (Web Ontology Language) [ 20] is the web standard for encoding a formal logic and specifically a first-order description logic in its variant OWL DL and newer OWL 2.0 dialects.
There are however certain systems (and datasets) that come naturally in a richer format and that could benefit from a higher-order description than the network one.
The aim of this paper is to provide a first order description of the global architecture and stratigraphic evolution of an upper plate, magma-poor rifted margin.
Nonlinear wave models are commonly used to provide a reduced-order description of distillation column dynamics.
This work develops equations of motion for a jointed structure in terms of the structural modal coordinates and implements a reduced-order description of the microslip that occurs at the interface between components.
Furthermore, we provide both a leading-order description of the dynamics in terms of slow modulation of local parameters and asymptotic modulation systems and effective initial data for the evolution of those parameters.
It is a higher-order description, but ultimately connects the theoretical content of the theory with observable behaviour.
The joint probability density function p[x(t ′ ),x(t ′′ )] provides a second order description of the random process.
If the first phase of Parmenides' poem provides a higher-order description of the features that must belong to any proper physical principle, then one would naturally expect the ensuing cosmology to deploy principles that meet Parmenides' own requirements.
If the response time for quality is around two orders of magnitude or more shorter than quantity response times (e.g. organisms running out of energy on times scales of days when their generation time is years), then a first order description is likely to be adequate.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com