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An instrumental variable is an operationalisation of an intermediary variable within the causal chain leading from exposure to health outcomes.
The focus group discussions lead to an operationalisation of quality of care from the patients' perspective and are aimed at ensuring the content validity of the questionnaires.
The ways in which these health literacy tests are constructed result in an operationalisation of health literacy that closely maps onto cognitive abilities that are sensitive to change with age.
Recent research in social epidemiology has argued for the relevance of considering prepathological mental health states such as psychological distress as a continuum rather than a binary outcome, an operationalisation most often associated with caseness on specific psychopathological disorders.
13 14 31 An operationalisation of patient safety and serious incidents specifically addressing primary care should be explicitly outlined and available in a succinct format.
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DPSIR provides an intuitive operationalisation for a large variety of issues.
An ICF-based structure is recommended when reporting about different health states in relation to MSD [ 44] but there is need for an improved operationalisation of the ICF, to obtain a more solid reliability [ 45].
It is true that those outcomes together may represent an adequate operationalisation of self-management, as defined by Lorig and colleagues [ 8] to include medical or behavioural management, role management, and emotional management.
However, outcomes such as self-reported health, healthcare service use and patient self-efficacy fall short of an adequate operationalisation of broader definitions of patient empowerment as outcome, that include the physical, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual needs of people living with chronic disease [ 2- 6].
The project proposes a novel operationalisation of physical frailty that recognizes sarcopenia as its biological substrate.
We attach geocodes to the administrative districts to allow for a flexible operationalisation of the spatial reference of regional socio-economic contextual settings.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com