By utilizing an open-circuit system that pulled air into the chamber under slightly negative pressure to maintain a constant flow rate, the influence of the pup's physical activity on internal chamber pressure (and thus, on the ability to measure true VO2) was avoided.
Comparing water-and air-cooled condensers, it can be said that they are similar in initial cost and also in operating costs, except when the former work in an open-circuit system supplied with cheap water and have no environmental restrictions.
O2 consumption and CO2 output were measured simultaneously through indirect calorimetry with an Oxymax Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System CLAMS open circuit system (Columbus Instruments).
Activity was monitored with the Oxymax CLAMS open circuit system (Columbus Instruments) over 18 h starting at 10 a.m.
An N balance was completed over 7 days, and CO2, CH4, heat production and O2 consumption were measured in all pigs for 4 h using an open circuit respiration system.
coli) strains, the wild type E. coli W3110 or E. coli nir-Ptac, which has enhanced nitrite reduction activity, on methane (CH4) emission and nitrate toxicity in nitrate-treated sheep were assessed in an open circuit respiratory system according to a 4 × 6 Youden square design.
Nitrogen MBW was performed using recently validated commercial MBW (Exhalyzer D, EcoMedics AG, Switzerland), which is an open circuit, bias flow system along with associated software (Spiroware 3.1 EcoMedics AG, Switzerland).
Resting metabolic rate was estimated by determining oxygen consumption (VO2) in an open circuit respirometer (O2-10, SystemSystem, Las Vegas, NV, USA) [ 14, 15].
The Li/PDA cell system has an open circuit voltage of 3.1 3.2 V, and 0.246 Ah g−1 theoretical capacity, which is based on two-electron transfer.
