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Haiser et al. showed that digoxin itself failed to support E. lenta growth in vitro, and hypothesized that digoxin reduction was an "off-target" response.
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The reduced probability of off-target effects as the cascade lengthened suggests that applying a targeted inhibitor near the bottom of a long cascade can produce a detectable off-target response but the signal may attenuate as it travels up the cascade.
The randomly selected parameter set produced a baseline off-target response of 0.19 in Y2* and of 0.40 in Y2 (data not shown).
The major disadvantage of chemical rejuvenation therapies is that even though they target only cells, they involve the delivery of external molecules that can cause an off-target tissue response.
The weighting reduces the influence of less informative, low variance, off-target responses.
Further, to favour on-target responses over off-target responses, the integrated response was divided by the logarithm of the bottom asymptote of the logistic model.
Since the INFIT is an information-weighted form of the OUTFIT which "…reduces the influence of less informative, low variance, off-target responses" [ 38], we expressly will focus on this parameter.
Note that I κB αSR overexpression did not have an effect on KDM4A and KDM4B expression, although DMAPT modestly increased their expression, which could be an off-target effect or a non-specific response of cells to drug treatment (Supplementary Figure S1C).
shRNAmir-NS cells did not phenocopy 2fTGH cells in this assay, perhaps due to an off-target effect that becomes relevant in this biological response assay.
If an off-target effect occurred in cycle 4 and the size of the response in cycle 4 exceeded the size of the response in cycle 2, then an off-target effect with amplification was reported for cycle 4.
If an off-target effect occurred in cycle 4 and the size of the response in cycle 4 exceeded the size of the response in cycle 2, then an off-target effect with amplification was considered to have occurred in cycle 4.
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