It is an aggregative theory because a judgment about right or obligatory action depends on an appraisal of the effects of different possible actions on the welfare of all affected parties, which entails summing positive benefits and negative effects over all persons affected.
Notice that if in a given situation σ, it simultaneously happens that the obligatory action is executed and the associated deadline is activated, then the decision is to consider that the obligation is violated and not fulfilled.
The axiom also specifies that in a given situation σ, if it simultaneously happens that the obligatory action is executed and the associated deadline is activated, then the decision is to consider that the obligation is violated.
Obligatory action shots – clips from the matches against Paraguay and Argentina at the 1986 World Cup repeated ad nauseam – were interspersed with footballers moving about awkwardly, and huddling together for a group shout for the chorus.
As for the second source of value of supererogatory action, its optional nature, it should first be noted that such action must be voluntary (unlike obligatory action, which is often forced or enforced).
Furthermore, it fails to distinguish between the common appeals to excuses from obligatory action based on the particular difficulty or risk involved in its performance and the general exemption from supererogatory action that is sometimes easy and possible for everybody (like doing a small favor or showing forgiveness).
Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle said the film "has the usual overlong running time [for the comic book superhero genre], the halfhearted feints in the direction of human feeling and the obligatory action sequences that are big without being either exciting or particularly legible".
In contrast to Kantianism and Utilitarianism, which share an emphasis on identifying morally obligatory actions, the burgeoning tradition of contemporary virtue ethics emphasizes the psychological constitution, or character, of actors.
You go to Catholic grade school, you go to church on Sundays, you become an altar server, you dress up for Christmas mass – obligatory actions and traditions that become a part of your life organically, without consent. .
(A few weeks later, the U.S. agreed to a vaguely worded statement calling for "effective" — but not obligatory — actions to combat the problem).
Lay people are further enjoined to perform the six "obligatory actions" at regular intervals, especially the samayika, a meditative and renunciatory ritual of limited duration.
