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Swiping right toggles an item between read and unread status.
The item discrimination index compares the proportion of correct responses for an item between the high and low performers on the test as a whole (33%% discrimination).
This computes the difference in the number of endorsements of an item between the top and bottom thirds of the distribution, giving an index from 0.0 to 1.0.
Uniform DIF indicates a consistent systematic difference in the responses to an item between the groups across the entire range of the attribute being measured (e.g., the bias is constant for all values of the latent variables).
The shift in item parameters resulting from changes in administration mode reflects the presence of differential item functioning (DIF), which can be defined as differential performance (e.g., differences in level of endorsement) of an item between two or more groups matched on the total score or measure [ 7, 8].
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More precisely, and according to the authors' stimuli description, the diameter of an item varies between 1.06-2.37 cm in the 8-item displays and between 0.75-1.67 cm in the 16-item displays.
The IIF indicates how well an item discriminates between persons at varying ability levels.
This tests how well an item discriminates between people who have a low and high osteoporosis knowledge score.
Furthermore, IRT allows researchers to calculate how well an item discriminates between more or less fatigued patients.
The discrimination index refers to how well an item differentiates between high and low scorers; it is a basic measure of the validity of an item.
Conversely, if the median and IQR of an item increased between rounds, then rating of the item in a subsequent round was required.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com