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Once E21 becomes protonated, ∆Ψ exerts an inward force to the transporter, triggering the outward-to-inward conformational change of the symporter.
The wire widens as the droplet is stretched thinner and contact angle β (Figure 4a) decreases, which generates an inward force favoring the introduction of the narrowing facet.
Through interaction with the negative-inside membrane potential, this extra positive charge from the proton is subjected to an inward force (i.e. towards to the cytosolic side) and thus may stabilize the CIn conformation.
That much current passing down the walls of the cylinder creates a magnetic field that exerts an inward force on the liner's walls, instantly crushing it and compressing and heating the fusion fuel.
The net effect is an inward force at its surface that causes water to behave as if its surface were covered with a stretched elastic membrane.
10.7554/eLife.00943.016 Figure 5. Dynein's motor domains are sufficient to produce an inward force in the spindle.
Similar(38)
Similar to the case of PMF-driven MSF transporters (Zhang et al. 2015), the protonation at D407 D408 pair is likely to exert an extra inward force to the NTM-subdomain relative to the abovementioned reference state, causing a movement of the NTM-subdomain towards the cytosolic direction.
This result has been interpreted as kinesin-5 and dynein producing counteracting sliding forces during spindle formation; when kinesin-5 is inhibited, dynein-induced sliding forces produce an unbalanced inward force that results in the formation of monopolar spindes.
In addition to the conventional driving coil that generates the axial Lorentz force on the workpiece, a radial inward force in the flange region is generated by a second coil that is energized by an individual power supply.
The surface of the pellet is ionized by the driver beam, and ablation of the ionized material generates a large inward force on the pellet.
In the absence of both kinesins, a dynein-dependent inward force causes the rapid collapse of the metaphase spindle to a monopolar structure (Tanenbaum et al., 2008, 2009; Ferenz et al., 2009; Vanneste et al., 2009).
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