Sentence examples for an instrumental variable in from inspiring English sources

See Card (1999) for a survey of studies who have used parental education as an instrumental variable in estimating the returns to education.

We studied the association of birth weight and cardiovascular risk, using birth rank as an instrumental variable, in Southern China.

To clarify the association of birth weight with cardiovascular disease risk factors in general and outside of long-term developed western settings, we used birth rank as an instrumental variable in a large study of older southern Chinese.

For a valid analysis, the variants must satisfy a set of assumptions that are similar to those for an instrumental variable in conventional Mendelian randomization but are modified to take account of the multiple risk factors.

Taken together, the results suggest that while the genetic predisposition score has limited clinical value, it can be used as an instrumental variable in the context of Mendelian randomisation.

It could be argued that the use of the UKCAT may be an "instrumental variable" in that it could represent a marker of a pro-widening participation attitude of a medical school, rather than be the main cause of an increase in candidates from a widening participation group being offered places.

Consequently, our approach is oriented around two-stage least squares rather than an instrumental variable approach in which different instruments are excluded from the various first-stage predictions.

Their identification strategy relies on an instrumental variable approach in which sport participation is instrumented with height at age 16.

Prescriber preference has been used as an instrumental variable (IV) in a prior study of nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) vs. selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, with preference expressed as the drug constituting the immediately preceding prescription by the same prescriber (instantaneous preference).

Studies that also used an instrumental variable analysis in addition to the standard cohort analysis were also included.

To isolate the latter channel, we identify (using an instrumental variable approach) growth in exports that has nothing to do with the executive's talent or actions.