The current literature regarding the role of IL-33 in IBD is at present ambiguous, at best; however, it may reflect another example of an innate-type cytokine that possesses multiple functions depending on the immunological status and genetic susceptibility of the host.
Taken together, our data suggest that innate type I interferon-mediated antiviral responses are not impaired in smoke-exposed mice.
We examined markers of innate, type 1 (cellular), type 2 (humoral) and type 17 (anti-microbial) immunity.
The roles of ILC2s in innate type 2 responses were also demonstrated by mouse models using authentic proteases, such as papain and bromelain as surrogates of allergen proteases, as well as Aspergillus proteases.
Use of the IL-33-deficient mouse showed that without IL-33, the innate type-2 response to A. alternata, including expansion of the nuocyte population, was delayed.
The fact that an innate immune cell type exhibits traits that were previously thought to be unique to adaptive immune cells suggests a mechanistic framework for understanding the phenomenon of innate immune priming.
► ILC2 provide an innate source of type-2 cytokines (IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13).
ILC2 on the other hand, which form the focus of this review, provide an innate source of type-2 cytokines and are critical for the initiation of anti-helminthic and allergic immune responses.
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