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This catalyst has turned out to be very active in the propene metathesis reaction (initial T.O.F.=0.25 mol/mol Re/s) after an initiation step involving a cross-metathesis reaction between the neopentylidene ligand and propene.
Chain reactions generally involve three distinct processes: an initiation step that begins the reaction, a series of chain-propagation steps, and, eventually, a termination step.
The radiation chemical modification of chain-end groups is accounted for by a radical chain reaction mechanism involving random scission of POMDA main-chain as an initiation step.
Interestingly, induction of the UPR intersects with the TNFα signaling pathway because the phosphorylated species of the transmembrane protein IREα can interact directly with the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), which is also an initiation step for induction of the UPR [61], [62].
They also suggest that p53 induces Bax activation and this may be an initiation step of DRB-induced apoptosis.
Although some DNA adducts formation is demonstrated to be an initiation step of carcinogenesis [ 74, 75], it is still unclear whether these alcohol-related DNA adducts are true factors or initiators of cancer.
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In this case we used two oligonucleotide pairs (A31 and A32) to generate a stretch of 57 adenines and an inward facing BsmBI site in a single initiation step.
To overcome this limitation, we modified the reverse transcription (RT) protocol that generates cDNA from AA-aRNA as follows: addition of a denaturation step and 2-min incubation at room temperature to improve random primers annealing, a transcription initiation step to improve RT, and a final treatment with RNase H to degrade remaining RNA.
This can be attributed to a slow initiation step vs propagation, possibly due to the bulky initiating group N(SiMe3)2.
The assembly of the endocytic machinery is conventionally thought to be a continuous process of mechanistically dependent steps, starting from a defined initiation step.
Our data suggest that ceramides directly regulate a key initiation step in apoptosis: mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP).
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