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In some cases it is necessary to use proxy values or indicators that provide only an indirect indication of the country's characteristics of interest.
Australian scientists have designed a blood test to detect long-term use, but it provides only an indirect indication of EPO and is legally less reliable.
It was possible that the levels were an indirect indication that the problems at the plant were deeper than had been publicly acknowledged.
Epidemiological studies of humans have also shown that when one generation experiences a famine, this can increase the risk of metabolic diseases in their grandchildren – an indirect indication of inherited epigenetic changes.
If the Brookhaven experiments are an indirect indication that supersymmetric particles exist, then the size of the observed effect suggests that they could be produced and detected directly in a new generation of particle accelerators that will soon begin collecting data, several theorists said.
That's an indirect indication that indeed there's an orbiting object around that star and then from this wobble we can actually calculate how massive is the object that is responsible for this wobble, and this technique has been used for ages.
Similar(16)
The need for manual validation of the scanned PROs is an important indirect indication of the patient's general ability to correctly fill in the PRO, and also provides information about the workload of the manual validation required.
Seropositivity using IHA is a crude surrogate for good blood culture–supported clinical epidemiology and case detection, although it provides a strong indirect indication of the presence of human melioidosis as a clinically important disease in Cambodia.
However, the satisfying blocking effects obtained with cold S-HYNIC CZP are a strong indirect indication since it is rather the conjugation with S-HYNIC that is expected to affect the TNF affinity rather that the addition of 99mTc.
In addition to this, the present study provides a strong indirect indication of the questionable metabolic significance of waist circumference in the study population.
Often, a more indirect indication of mitochondrial dysfunction is raised by the pattern of changes in gene arrays, proteomics or metabolomics, where GO (Gene Ontology) categories may suggest altered energy metabolism.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com