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For a fixed external term, take the symbol space, the set contains all translations of in.
The conventional level set method generally results in LSF irregularity [14, 15] in the evolution procedure, and thus, Li et al. proposed a general variational level set formulation with a distance regularization term and an external energy term that controls the evolution of the zero level contour toward the desired locations.
A forced horizontal external term is added to the parametrically excited system.
The last term in (6) is an external source term modeling the injected light, which in the case at hand can be written as.
We formulate an energy function consisting of an external energy term and an internal energy term.
We also introduced an external intervention term in original DDE to explore its new feature of dynamic evolution probably activated by an external intervention.
Adding an external infection term into the model yielded a slight increase (ranging from 0.02% to 2%) in the estimated effective field efficacy for all values of the mean duration of infection we examined (Table 1).
We have included the leak reversal potential term in this "external" term for convenience.
By Bochner-Amerio criterion, the set of this external term's translation is precompact in.
The same holds for the external term V k ( ext ) ( τ k ( t, ω ), t, ω ).
The external term in [20] is supposed to belong to and to be almost periodic function.
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