The spiraling nature of evolutionary software development processes produces executable parts of the system at the end of each loop.
Since the advent of the embryonic model almost a century ago, R&D systems have gone through an evolutionary process of development that can be classified into three generations.
We then claim that method increments enable software companies to accommodate evolutionary adaptations of development process in agreement with the overall company expansion.
The transcension hypothesis proposes that a universal process of evolutionary development guides all sufficiently advanced civilizations into what may be called "inner space," a computationally optimal domain of increasingly dense, productive, miniaturized, and efficient scales of space, time, energy, and matter, and eventually, to a black-hole-like destination.
The sequence of evolutionary development in product and process during the period of the cost-minimization strategy and the subsequent strategy transition is paralleled in the pattern of major Ford innovations.
One promising approach for better elucidating the common mutational patterns by which tumors develop is to recognize that tumor development is an evolutionary process and apply phylogenetic methods to tumor data to reveal these evolutionary relationships.
Thus, consideration of cancer development as an evolutionary process within an individual provides a different perspective relative to the more widely accepted focus on oncogenic mutations as the primary drivers of cancer.
Indeed, tumor development is an evolutionary process in which mutations beneficial to the cancer (e.g. conferring increased proliferation) are selected for.
In contrast, orthologs of the human intronless GLTP gene were found only in primates (Pan, Macaca) and were not present in rodentia (Mus, Rattus) carnivora (Canis), cetartiodactyla (Sus, Bos), or didelphimorphia (Didelphis), consistent with recent evolutionary development as a primate-specific, processed pseudogene.
Finally, it should be noted that Darwin [ 6, 7] unequivocally proposed a continuum between "speciation" and the evolutionary development of novel body plans, processes that were later called "micro- and macroevolution", respectively [ 11, 12].
This requires an iterative process of adaptive planning, evolutionary development, continuous improvement, and flexible and rapid response to change -- not to mention the people, products and processes to effectively support it.
