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We also changed the description "an estimator of selection" into "Ka as an estimator of evolutionary rate".
In addition, we chose the GY method to compute Ka as an estimator of evolutionary rates, since counting methods usually yield more out-of-range values than maximum likelihood methods (data not shown).
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A robust genomic estimator of evolutionary potential would comprise weighted estimates of all adaptive or potentially adaptive genetic (including coding, regulatory and cryptic, see below), and epigenetic, variation.
where d ( Y ) is an estimator of g.
Relative survival is an estimator of the excess mortality ratio.
In other words, the quantity is an estimator of β∗.
The goal is to derive an estimator of m with smaller variance than the least squares estimator.
We therefore propose an alternative estimator of the evolutionary distance between two sequences in terms of the number N of spaced-word matches between them.
It is a theoretical estimator of mutation rates and evolutionary divergence, which is not directly related to observed rates of change at the phenotypic level [ 61]. 'F8,1-42 'F8,1-42orgiandelle' exhibited the same most common amino acid substitutions, Alanine to Valine, Valine to Isoleucine and Alanine to Tyrosine.
Using the substitution model estimated by the MrBayes software, we apply the profile distance estimator to the known subclades of the Chlorophyceae and obtain a matrix of evolutionary distances between the subclades (shown in Table 1).
Theorem : Tk and Bk are the unbiased estimators of and respectively under the assumption that the noise in X ijk follows N 0, ) Proof: As E k is an unbiased estimator of, is an unbiased estimator of β k.
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