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We used an established fear discrimination procedure, in which one visual stimulus (CS+, danger cue) was paired with aversive airblasts to the throat (unconditioned stimulus, US), and another stimulus (CS−, safety cue) was presented without airblasts.
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This could lead to student insecurity and lack of confidence about whether they have learnt the relevant concepts in inadequate, or even excessive, detail for assessments, adding to the established fear among medical students of making a mistake[ 12].
The bully need only batter one or two children for the fact of his power to be established: fear will then ensure that the others do all they can to placate him.
Meanwhile, MK-801, injected after the consolidation become robust at 12 h after the delayed extinction, did not affect the established fear extinction memory.
While efforts are being made to reduce the incidence of dental fear among younger Australians who may be visiting the dentist for the first time, a concerted effort is also required to break what appears to be a vicious cycle of dental fear and provide assistance to those individuals with established fear-avoidance patterns.
PAM animals were deficient in short- and long-term contextual and cued fear conditioning and required higher shock intensities to establish fear-potentiated startle than their wild-type littermates.
*Social, because the dead and wounded were generically referred to as "murderers, rapists and thieves," violent offenders against an established order that feared and despised them.
What I observed is an established feeling of anxiety and fear.
There's a moment in Raymond Chandler's 1953 novel The Long Goodbye, when the writer Roger Wade voices a common fear as an established fact.
To this end, adult male C57Bl/6N mice were randomly assigned to two groups and trained and tested for either learned safety or learned fear using an established procedure based upon a three days protocol of explicitly unpaired/paired CS-US training2.
Theophanes the Greek is portrayed as a complex character: an established artist, humanistic and God-fearing in his views yet somewhat cynical, regarding his art more as a craft and a chore in his disillusion with other people.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com