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Thus, their depletion causes an equivalent increase in S2P Pol II pausing in both transcriptional directions.
At an equivalent number of units, the rank-order for pausing was: [GC/CG] > [AT/TA] > [GT/CA] = [TC/AG].
Interestingly, we observe an equivalent increase in TSS-associated S2P Pol II pausing on both mRNA and PROMPT strands after depletion of CPA factors and Xrn2.
Draw an equivalent diamond underneath.
That's followed by a huge pause, the musical equivalent of two raised eyebrows.
NusA significantly decreased the pause-free elongation rate of RNAP while increasing the probability of entry into short- and long-lifetime pauses, in a manner equivalent to exerting a ~19 pN force opposing transcription.
Specifically, the critical prediction of this model is that there would be a position near the promoter of α1, where RNA Pol II is found within Sir-silenced heterochromatin bound on the template and with the two strands of the template held apart in what is equivalent to a paused transcription bubble.
A pause, a sniffle.
A pause, a silence.
That's probably the equivalent of — " he paused to do a mental calculation.
That's probably the equivalent of—" he paused to do a mental calculation.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com