Further, appropriate procedures to enable access to in situ and ex situ managed plant materials for crop development within an equitable benefit-sharing framework need to be in place, efficient seed delivery systems that are sensitive to the needs of farmers and farming communities are required, and markets that are adaptable to supporting greater diversity of crop produce are called for.
Therefore it would be unjust for a state not to provide fair and equitable benefit for an exchange of plant or micro-organism genetic material given to her.
Third, CBNRM relies on two sets of institutions: those that devolve rights (or not) from state and community and about which much is written (Murphree 2004; Nelson 2010), and those within a community that promote participation and equitable benefit sharing, which is an emerging challenge that has hardly been studied.
Institutional arrangements play a crucial role in ensuring equitable benefit sharing of tourism gains among different stakeholders.
The latter is influenced by collective organization and environmental history, with higher knowledge and more equitable benefit sharing present in the community with a more long-standing commitment to forest conservation.
Greater institutional coordination, equitable benefit sharing mechanisms, and higher community capacity for monitoring, reporting, and verification are key areas needing change.
The study examines the relationships between local pricing system of forest products and its effects on equitable benefit sharing and livelihood improvement of user households who are living in and around the forests.
Despite the debates relating to community conservation, stakeholder involvement in conservation and equitable benefit sharing, progressive approaches to community conservation tend to permit traditional agricultural practises, that support biodiversity preservation, to operate only in land outside core conservation areas.
The study further enlightens that the low price for high value forest products particularly timber is counterproductive for equitable benefit sharing among the user households in the areas of heterogeneous socio-economic conditions.
The assumption is flawed that bi- or tri-annual elections and annual general meetings will achieve accountability, participation, transparency, and equitable benefit sharing (and guard against financial misappropriation and elite capture).
