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The forces exhibited large irreversibilities as well as short-term and long-term time dependent effects, and we conclude that for observation times less than a few hours these interactions cannot be described in terms of an equilibrium force law without specifying the previous history of approach of the surfaces.
In a liquid fluidized bed consisting of binary solid particles differing in size and density, the mixing of the two kinds of particles occurs and the degree of mixing is controlled by an equilibrium force balance relationship.
For neuronal SNARE complexes, the new chimeric construct led to an equilibrium force of 8 (±1) pN for LD transition, compared to 12 (±2) pN previously measured for the same transition.
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Some small biases before the step are to be expected, as the muscle had not completely settled to its equilibrium force (a necessary assumption in all of our simulations).
Here the equilibrium force for a two-state protein folding/unfolding process is defined as the average state forces (marked by dashed lines) under which the folded and the unfolded states are equally populated.
As an application of the connectivity matrix, a minimal-mass design subjected to force equilibrium (force balance) and yield and buckling stress constraints is shown.
About 90 CTD transitions occurred before NTD unzipping and reaching ∼18.6 pN equilibrium force (indicated by a red arrow in the middle panel).
Sometimes, crises create the right kind of exogenous pressure to disrupt a dysfunctional equilibrium, forcing positive change and encouraging innovative adaptation by troubled societies.
Theoretical ab initio investigations establish an equilibrium driving force for Mg interfacial segregation that is primarily chemical in nature and reflects the strength of the Mg Sc interactions in an Al-rich alloy.
(A ) Histogram distributions of the C-terminal domain (CTD) equilibrium force and the N-terminal domain (NTD) unzipping force for different SNARE complexes.
At a low pulling or force-loading speed, NTD may unzip before the pulling force reaches the CTD equilibrium force (see Figure 2 figure supplement 1 for an example).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com