Included studies compared an element of the history or physical examination with a reference standard of ankle-brachial index, duplex sonography, or angiogram.
An RCT, as its name suggests, randomizes an important element of the study or program — this makes for greater confidence that a particular intervention caused an outcome.
A key element of the study was a series of tests of adsorption of copper II) ions from model solutions.
A key element of the study is that we minimized the consequences of the recently estimated actual motor noise, rather than that we, incorrectly, assumed signal-dependent noise.
The assessment of exposure is a crucial element of the study of the potential adverse effects associated with exposure.
In turn, if included as a randomised element of the study, such trials would be adding to the evidence on the effectiveness of the strategy.
A key element of the study design was based on our understanding that parks and beaches in different socioeconomic neighbourhoods of the city are used at different rates and by different people.
It is recognised that the use of this statement may have introduced an element of bias into the study, although the method of development of the objective statement during study design was intended to mitigate any potential issues of bias.
This may introduce an element of bias into the study and is to the detriment of the paper.
