In 1947, physicists found that the field shifts the energy levels of an electron inside a hydrogen atom and hence the spectrum of radiation the atom emits.
A number of image intensifiers and converters, particularly for X-ray or infrared radiation, which have appeared since World War II, embody a radiation detector at one end of a vacuum tube and an electron lens inside the tube to relay the image on to a phosphor screen at the other end.
In this case, the catalytic Ag particle would work as a redox center and act as a short-circuited galvanic cell with an electron flow inside the Ag particle, while H+ would migrate outside the Ag particle from the anode site to the cathode site.
The results show the presence of nafion inside the matrix of modified electrode, because of the effective ion-pairing and hydrophobic interactions, significantly enhances the stability of thionine as an electron mediator inside the modified electrode.
An electron gun inside the oscilloscope shoots a beam of electrons at materials called phosphors coating the inside of the tube's face plate, causing them to light up and allowing analysis of the electrical signal.
We have been able to optimize the control parameters (electric field and gate voltage) with a GA in order to keep the electron inside the qubit subspace and produce successfully the three one-qubit gates.
In ref. 16 the usage of "Fermi penetration term" is suggested to emphasize that it arises from the field of the magnetic dipole moment of the electron inside the finite volume of the nucleus.
Plasmons, of course, are waves in the sea of free electrons inside and on the surface of metals.
The small size and precision tuning of AEB's emitters allows them for the first time to direct a cloud of electrons inside the mouth of beverage containers.
However, if an electron moves inside a microscopic sphere, the vector p can no longer describe an electron state.
"We needed to know the atomic-scale shape of the nanoribbons, and we also needed to know how the electrons inside adapt to that shape," says Crommie.
