In order to show equivalence of proportions of between 5% and 10%, with a maximum acceptable difference of 7%, an effective sample of 514 subjects was required for each time period.
That being said, a recent report indicates that rectal swabs are an effective sample type for the diagnosis of chlamydia infection [ 57].
Loss of power can be expressed as an effective sample size for studies based on self-reported anthropometric exposures, relative to those based on measured anthropometry, which can be estimated as the square of the correlation coefficient between self-reported and measured values [ 14, 15].
In addition, this USAEME method provided detection limits lower than their contaminant levels, which made USAEME an effective sample preparation method for determining organic environmental contaminants, such as CPAs, in river water samples with little consumption of organic solvent.
While successful in deterministic settings, the application of NM to simulation optimization suffers from two problems: (1) It lacks an effective sample size scheme for controlling noise; consequently the algorithm can be misled to the wrong direction because of noise, and (2) it is a heuristic algorithm; the quality of estimated optimal solution cannot be quantified.
This procedure resulted in an effective sample size of >2,000 for all estimated parameters.
A further 391 138 (18%) patients had truly missing data, leaving an effective sample size of 1 476 252 for analysis (26% of the 5 660 217 patients who were originally sent questionnaires).
All chains were run for 90 million generations and sampled every 3,000 steps and an effective sample size >1,383 was obtained for all estimated parameters.
Therefore, we also discuss alternative approaches to yield unbiased estimates of population state variables using similar data types, and we stress that there is no substitute for an effective sample design that is grounded upon well-defined management objectives.
We next applied the "Coda" library of the R statistical package [28] to perform the convergence test with the Gelman and Rubin statistic [29], where the statistic was checked if smaller than 1.1 with an effective sample size larger than 200 for all parameters.
