While Table 3 displays the negative direct effects of irregular legal statuses and the positive direct effects of visits to the homeland on the remittances of Senegalese migrants, these models do not allow testing of the hypothesis of an indirect effect of irregular statuses on remitting via territorial confinement (see Fig. 1 for the theoretical model).
A relationship between short visits to the origin community and other transnational activities opens the door to the possibility of an indirect effect of irregular legal statuses on non-mobile transnational activities.
We then argue that there may be a relationship between visits to the homeland and non-mobile transnational activities, based on the maintenance of social ties; this relationship may then transmit an indirect effect of irregular legal status on remitting through legal constraints on circulation.
While there is an unambiguous negative effect of irregular status on visits home, both the direct and indirect effects of irregular status on remittances depend on other social and economic facets of the co-ethnic community and the context of reception.
We thus hypothesize a direct negative effect of irregular legal status on migrants' propensity to return home for short visits because of the legal barrier to mobility inherent in irregular status.
We thus hypothesize a mechanism of blocked transnationalism that would manifest itself by a direct negative effect of irregular legal statuses on remitting because of the structural exclusion it engenders.
It is possible that depression is a side effect of epilepsy treatments, a consequence of irregular brain activity, a result of the psychological experience of having epilepsy, or some combination of all three.
Thus, the application of the Feedback Method is particularly advantageous, if the effect of irregular fibre alignments is important.
The wave diffraction effect of irregular wave, which is the main improvement compared with the previous SWAN versions, was tested with the experimental data of single breakwater collected in the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering (SLCOE) at Dalian University of Technology (DUT) and the stimulated results of Wu Yan and JONSWAP spectrum as input data, respectively.
Furthermore, as mentioned earlier in the paper there is abundant evidence on the negative effect of irregular shifts (and in particular night shifts) on health outcomes, marital stability and children well‐being (Lyndall et al. [27]; Presser [35], Vyas et al. [37]).
This smoothing technique minimises the effect of irregular or random variations.
