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A kernelN of a directed graph D is an independent set of vertices of D such that for every w∈V(D −N there is an edge from w to N. The existence of a kernel in an directed graph with no odd directed cycles was proved by Richardson [41].
We submitted the original query results to the CiteSpace II platform for visualizing patterns in Scientific Literature, which generates an directed graph showing the citation links (edges) between papers (nodes, each representing a single published article) [44].
With the three orthogonal aspects as roots, GO is represented as a directed acyclic graph (DAG), a part of which is shown in Figure 5. GO DAG describes each GO term as a node and the relationships as an directed edge with hierarchical structure, where children are more specific than the parents.
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Consider a directed graph, G.
Jacques Audiard ("A Prophet") directed.
A guard directed him upstairs.
A documentary directed by Jaak Kilmi.
"A Separation," directed by Asghar Farhadi.
HARTFORD Cinestudio "A Royal Affair," directed by Nikolaj Arcel.
"We Have A Pope," directed by Nanni Moretti.
(2009), a comedy directed by Soderbergh.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com