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Whether it be or be not is one enquiry; whether it be or be not conformable to an assumed standard, is a different enquiry".
In the reference model of Huang et al. (2013), the LM corresponds to the portion of the Earth between the Moho discontinuity and an assumed standard depth of 175 km beneath the surface.
A power analysis was performed with the publicly available PS software [49], [50] to assess that the chosen sample size was sufficient to detect a 1.5-fold difference or greater in expression between the two patient groups with an assumed standard deviation of 0.6 and α<0.05 in a two-sided t-test.
13 A 6 point difference in the PRWE equates to a standardised effect size of 0.3, for an assumed standard deviation (SD) of 20 points.
To have an 80% chance of detecting as significant (at the two-sided 5% level) a ten-point difference in mean KOOS subscales [ 18], with an assumed standard deviation of 20 [ 20], 64 individuals in each treatment group were required.
An assumption of a 12% predicted difference in FEV1 between the treatment arm and the control arm at 12 months with an assumed standard deviation of 15 leads to an intended sample size of 59 patients.
Similar(38)
Assuming a standard deviation of 4 points, (the UK BEAM sample size was based on an assumed population standard deviation of 4 points for this questionnaire) this results in a standardised effect size (difference in means/standard deviation) of 0.39.
For SF-36v2 physical and mental component summary scores, a sample of 238 completed participants has 90% power to detect a difference of 3.9 units (assuming standard deviation of 10 [ 19]).
This estimate was based on a two-sided 90% CI, assuming standard deviations for the annualized rates of decline of 150 ml for FEV1 and 2.5 ml · min−1 · mmHg−1 for DLCO.
We conducted a sensitivity analysis which assumed a standard retirement age of 67 [rather than 65]; this raised the estimate of productivity loss from early retirement due to COPD to over $160 m[£1011 m].
We assumed a standard resting metabolic rate of 4 mL/kg/min based on reference standards.
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