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Chronic hindlimb ischemia was induced by unilateral excision of an arterial segment extending from the external iliac to the femoral vessels (artery and vein) in male athymic nude rats (NIH-Foxn1rnu, Charles River Laboratory Inc, Sulzfeld, Germany) during 0.2% isoflurane anesthesia.
In many cases, pedestrian crossing demands are distributed discretely along an arterial segment.
In conclusion in this study we have produced a construct and a new technique that combines the mechanical properties of both a natural vein and a decellularized artery to produce a reinforced venous graft that closely mimics the mechanical response of an arterial segment.
The actual IMT measurements were performed on the far wall along a minimum 10-mm length of an arterial segment with a high-quality image automatic acquisition using IOTEC software (IODP).
FFR is defined as the maximal coronary flow in an arterial segment with a stenosis, divided by the maximal coronary flow in the same arterial segment if no stenosis was present and is measured as the ratio of distal to proximal (i.e., aortic) coronary pressure under maximal vasodilation.
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Williams and Stewart [ 96] have suggested that, in most patients, coronary ectasia is a diffuse disease of the coronary arteries rather than a localized abnormality of a single arterial segment.
Unilateral temporal artery biopsy was then performed in patients with suspected GCA, which was directed to a particular arterial segment in case a halo was detected in CDS.
We have shown that a 1D arterial segment can be reduced to a two-element windkessel model with resistance Rv and compliance Cv.
In addition, the need for a large arterial segment (2 to 3 cm) due to the segmental nature of the vascular inflammation [ 22- 25] and the practical difficulties in repeating it, make temporal artery biopsy not a simple procedure [ 26].
Associated pathologies, such as aortic aneurysms and aortic stenosis, may result from either an enhanced intrinsic propensity of the arterial wall to dilate in response to normal biomechanics (Marfan, bicuspid valve), or as a result of pathologic biomechanical load in a given arterial segment.
Histology results were obtained in all 22 GCA patients and in 27 of 33 non-GCA patients, but because all 18 positive biopsies in GCA patients were directed to a particular arterial segment after obtaining the CDS results, the true value of the temporal artery biopsy alone for the diagnosis of GCA could not be estimated in our patients.
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