This is generally in agreement with previous findings in a series of transcriptomic and proteomic profilings where expression of arcA was found to be insensitive to various treatments, such as an array of stresses [30] [34] and up to 10 different electron acceptors under anaerobic conditions [35].
ASK1 is a member of the MAPK kinase kinase family and activates JNK and p38 MAPKs in response to an array of stresses such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium influx [ 27].
Like other HSPs, αB crystallin is a molecular chaperone that is induced by an array of stress stimuli and that offers cytoprotective effects by suppressing aggregation of proteins [10] and disrupting the proteolytic action of caspase 3 [11].
In contrast, many transformed cell lines respond to glucose deprivation initially by expression of an array of stress related genes and subsequently undergoing apoptosis (Lee and Corry, 1998).
In turn, most insects respond to PSMs by inducing an array of stress response proteins including enzymes for metabolic excretion [ 5].
Whereas normal cells compensate by increased glucose transporter expression or modification, transformed cells are stressed by glucose-deprivation leading to the expression of an array of stress related genes, which is subsequently followed by cell death.
The tolerance may be ascribed to more robust activation of ROS scavenging system and coordinated and timely activation of an array of stress-responsive genes at molecular level, leading to synthesis of a wide range of protective compounds and proteins.
The success of the StAmP trial may not only depend on its ability to up-regulate HO or inhibit sVEGFR-1, but on the power of statins to inhibit an array of stress factors associated with pre-eclampsia.
The plants analyzed in the present study showed increased expression not only of the antioxidant defense system, including GPX, GSTs and SOD, but also of an array of stress-responsive genes.
Of note, ATF3 is induced by an array of cellular stresses [64] and by administration of the METH analog, amphetamine [65].
