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Lower bounds: Let (x_{p}>0) be an arbitrary component of x, (x_{q}=min{ x_{k}, 1leq k leq n}).
In practice, more ambiguous cases can occur and, ultimately, the decision of the labeler has an arbitrary component, as in every complex annotation process.
Upper bounds: Let (x_{p}>0) be an arbitrary component of x, (x_{q}=max{ x_{k}, 1leq k leq n}).
From this, an analytical solution to the random defect Monte Carlo problem in form of a distribution function characterizing the fatigue limit of an arbitrary component is derived.
This step of simplification/abstraction has been used in different biomimetic methods, but so far, it has an arbitrary component, i.e. it crucially depends on the competence of the person who executes the abstraction.
We shall say that the boundary ∂ Ω of Ω satisfies condition (A) if there exist two positive numbers a 0 and θ 0 such that for an arbitrary ball B ρ with center on ∂ Ω of radius ρ ≤ a 0 and for an arbitrary component Ω ˆ ρ of B ρ ∩ Ω, the inequality | Ω ˆ ρ | ≤ ( 1 − θ 0 ) | B ρ |. holds.
Similar(53)
The cement was designed as such that it would allow the incorporation of an arbitrary, secondary component, which would not participate in the cement reaction.
We then tried the three-component subsystems, in which the arbitrary component is subtracted.
A theory to predict the initial flow stress of an arbitrary N-component fcc random alloy is extended to predict the additional strengthening when a dilute concentration of a substitutional element is introduced.
Nevertheless, the design of Anduril as a platform able to host and sustain abstract workflow representations that call arbitrary components is novel and compelling beyond the specific details of its architecture.
This paper presents an analytical derivation of a set of transcendental equations for the normal modes of a one-dimensional mechanical system composed of an arbitrary number of components and provides experimental validation for the case of a two-component system consisting of a fiber partially submerged in liquid.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com