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As DL Shaw notes, labyrinths "combine an appearance of design with an implied reality of futile chaos".
Those who try to dislodge any remaining intuitions against teleological theories argue that an appearance of design can be misleading.
It is argued that habits of thought, which usually take us from an appearance of design to a function ascription, lead to false ascriptions in purely hypothetical unrealistic cases (Neander 1991).
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For those who take a more cosmic perspective, however, the appearance of design is not so simply refuted.
He suggests, however, that this may have come about as a result of the chance permutations of particles falling into a temporary or permanent self-sustaining order, which thus has the appearance of design.
Arms races, convergence, and constraints on organismal form and function together give at least the appearance of design, which is often taken by those with a limited understanding of evolutionary mechanisms to mean some sort of preordained, intelligently fostered design.
And so it's the appearance of design that everybody's trying to explain.
Scientific theories that try to explain away the appearance of design as the result of "chance and necessity" are not scientific at all, but, as John Paul put it, an abdication of human intelligence.
To understand this is to realise that, whatever the puzzle set by the appearance of design in living things, it is most easily explicable in terms of Darwin's huge, all-embracing idea, and the enormous time available since the first organisms began to drift on the warm pre-Cambrian tides.
Swampman's appearance of design is deceptive because he in no way derives from any design process, natural or intentional.
Given infinite time and chance, it seems likely that something like our world will come into existence, with all its appearance of design.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com