Here, we formulate a multistable decision-switch model involving several phenotypes with the antagonistic influence of parasitism.
Such effects may occur as result of: (i) antagonistic influence of gene on the development of different health disorders; (ii) change in the effect of gene on vulnerability to death with age (especially, from "bad" to "good"); (iii) gene-gene interaction; and (iv) gene-environment interaction, among other factors.
The antagonistic influence of CepR and CciR ensures that QS-regulated gene expression in B. cenocepacia is tightly regulated.
Based on these facts we speculated that DNA methylation could play an antagonistic role influencing the p53 transcription factor.
For Melville, as for Shakespeare, man was ape and essence, inextricably compounded; and the world, like the "Pequod," was subject to "two antagonistic influences... one to mount direct to heaven, the other to drive yawingly to some horizontal goal".
Magnusson et al. [39] demonstrated that antagonistic influences are small but significant for PF in male adults (average age: 37 yrs), such that Achilles tendon force was underestimated by ∼2.6% when antagonist coactivation was ignored.
In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, MCAs have antagonistic influences on cell death – with AtMC1 promoting cell death, whereas AtMC2 inhibits it.
Studies performed in vitro further suggest that AgRP and POMC neurons exert antagonistic influences, not only on each other's activity (Cone et al., 2001, Yang et al., 2011, Atasoy et al., 2012), but also on the activity of common long-range target nuclei (Bagnol et al., 1999, Cowley et al., 1999, Atasoy et al., 2012, Atasoy et al., 2014).
The MCH physician lobby was reported to substantially influence national health policy, often in an antagonistic relationship with the MoH, although senior MoH appointments are typically drawn from the central hospital.
