Exact(19)
This could mean that birds in urban areas, which share food sources with invasive species, may not be affected as much as bird populations outside urban areas due to a preadaption to cope with an altered environment including altered species presence.
Cesarean section performed before the onset of labor or rupture of membranes precludes the fetus from coming into contact with maternal vaginal fluids, which may contribute to an altered environment in the newborn immune system, in turn altering the early development of the infant microbiome.
Developmental plasticity may allow survival in an altered environment, but it also has possible long-term consequences for the animal.
All of these are in essence ways of making an altered environment act and behave more naturally.
The rapid spread of a novel black form of the peppered moth (known as carbonaria) in 19th-century Britain is a textbook example of how an altered environment may produce morphological adaptation through genetic change.
There is good evidence that population genetics in an altered environment (e.g., a change in effective population size) can drive genome shrinkage [40], [41].
Similar(41)
However, none of these changes is easily explained as a response to altered environment or stress in the absence of a coordinated transcriptional shift and there is little evidence for major transcriptional remodeling of ER chaperones during development.
Another virulence factor is the adaptation of a fungus to the altered environment of the host tissue.
This agrees with previous results and shows that subjects adapted to the altered environment in a way that suggests the presence of an adaptive internal model (Kawato, 1999; Wolpert et al., 2001).
Telopea speciosissima is a pyrogenic-flowering species, relying on post-fire flowering followed by production and dispersal of non-dormant seeds to take advantage of favourable growing conditions in the altered environment following a fire.
Because this is a rare variant with high penetrance, it is useful for the study of known broad-spectrum disease phenotypes in relatively small sample sizes and in largely control populations; in turn, this has the advantage of enabling researchers to investigate the effect of the variation without their results being confounded by differences in medication or the altered environment of a patient.
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