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In contrast, the HDFS-modified surface of a plain quartz has an advancing angle of about 120° with large hysteresis (40.0°).
It shows a significant CA hysteresis of approximately 77° with an advancing angle of Φa = 163° and a receding angle of Φr = 86°.
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It showed a high advancing angle of 165 ± 1° along with a contact angle hysteresis of ~ 2°, and a low sliding angle of 3 ± 1° against 10 μL water droplet on the surface.
The receding angle approaches the advancing angle.
The difference between the advancing angle and the receding angle is called contact angle hysteresis.
Generally, if the angle difference between the advancing angle and receding angle is larger, then the surface is rougher.
The advancing contact angle reduction suggested that the nonionic surfactant effectively altered the strongly oil-wet nature (advancing angle of 156°) to the water-wet state (advancing angle of 39°).
The advancing angle of the this super-hydrophobic SU-8 thin film was in the range of 156° ~ 161° (0.025 μL/sec. dispense rate) and the receding angle was measured to be 122° ~ 127° (Figure 12).
The highest advancing angle of 151.7° was obtained on the PTFE substrate and the lowest contact angle hysteresis of ~ 0.2° was achieved on the paraffin wax with pure mercury by acid treatment [55].
After partial evaporation of the drop (Fig. 6b), the observed angle (which is the receding angle) is similar to the advancing angle for the drop on the left whereas the drop on the right appears like trapped on a hydrophilic surface.
The advancing angle data are also shown in Figure S4, Supporting Information.
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