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Although additional chromosomes minimally offer an additional replication origin, which could speed replication or facilitate a larger genome, a broader question remains: to what extent does selection act on bacterial genome organization?
Here we focus on common CNVs and report a genome-wide CNV detection and association analysis for early-onset extreme obesity using two GWAS discovery data sets (family-based and case control, altogether 2160 genotyped individuals) and an additional replication sample of 365 independent obesity trios (Fig. 1).
An additional replication dataset collected in France contained 113 participants.
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The reasons for this difference are unclear but may reflect that fact that in eukaryotes, unlike prokaryotes, numerous origins are used to replicate each chromosome and eukaryotic chromosomes are linear, bringing an additional "end replication problem".
Thus while validation of the original GWAS finding in an independent population provides evidence for a true association with lower SCD risk, additional replication of these findings is warranted.
With the redundancy of the overlapping probes in the lettuce array, the need for additional replication was reduced because they provide technical replicates within a chip.
Subsequently, this association was verified in an additional larger replication cohort.
Although removing these individuals from the third stage would provide an additional independent replication, these 678 individuals correspond to the extremes of the third sample, so removing them would severely compromise the statistical power of the third stage.
If a replicated transposon excises and reinserts into an unreplicated site, the transposon can undergo one additional replication in the same S phase; the re-replication, however, is limited to the TE itself and does not extend into the TE-flanking regions.
Weak but consistent evidence for a protective effect for haplogroup E1b1b1c was seen in all studies with a nominally significant meta-analysis, thus, calling for additional replication efforts for this haplogroup in populations of Ashkenazi Jewish and European ancestry.
In addition, our sample size is relatively small, thus additional replication studies using more SNPs in large non-Asian samples are needed.
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