Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs) can adopt different active conformations facilitating a selective activation of either G protein or β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways.
We were able to reproduce the ras-enhancing effect (Figure 7B), indicating that a strong activation of either pathway may provoke the enhancement of p53 transcription.
Regarding the experimental conditions as a three-compartment model (mitochondria, cytosol, and nuclei), the different responses depended on MAPKs preferential traffic to mitochondria, where a selective activation of either ERK1/2 or p38-JNK1/2 p38-JNK1/2lized upstream kinases (MAPKKs) facilitated their further passage to nuclei.
Here, we termed "PepDisplay" as a technology for displaying peptide ligands on a plasma membrane for activation of either endogenous or heterologous GPCRs produced in yeast cells.
As a result of the activation of either pathway, NF- κB dimers translocate to the nucleus and activate the expression of various genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, inflammatory responses, and the regulation of apoptosis (Aggarwal, 2004).
To determine the role of CiaD in C. jejuni invasion of host cells, we first evaluated the Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 as a loss in the activation of either protein could explain the invasion deficiency of the ciaD mutant.
22 The oligomeric receptors have a synergistic effect, and selective activation of either one of the receptors results in co-internalization of the hetero-oligomeric complex.
The proposed mechanisms involved a tPA-dependent and non-proteolytic activation of either epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) on oligodendrocytes or NMDARs.
As it stands, our data, albeit quite crude, provides no evidence for a role for these factors in activation of either HMS2 or SUT650.
Activation of either one may be regulated by the concentration of intracellular Ca2+.
