Ignoring contract cheating behaviours only amplifies the range of issues that teachers, assessors and institutions have to manage.
S-type springs are utilized to amplify the displacement range of microgripper arms.
An inherent drawback to this approach is that primers designed to amplify the full range of taxa presented in the bulk sample are rarely "universal", with different amplification efficiencies in varied organisms [ 21- 28].
For the amplified samples the range of signals is increased and the distribution is shifted toward higher signal values.
The templates for the standard curves were then diluted to either picograms (pg) or femtograms (fg) to ensure that the experimental samples amplified within the range of the standard curve.
Any samples that amplify outside of the range of the standard curve should be flagged as 'Out-of-Range'.
Although apoptosis has not been directly addressed in this study, our results do not rule out this possibility, as most of the fragments amplified were in the range of 90 bp to be suitable for qPCR analysis.
A generic primer recognizing the adapter sequence was used to amplify adapter ligated DNA fragments with PCR conditions optimized to amplify preferentially fragment in the range of 200 to 1.100 bp.
The quality of primers was determined using the FAST PCR program and only those primers that would amplify a fragment in the range of 150 and 450 base pairs of template DNA were selected.
Each primer pairs were designed to amplify with a fragment in the range of 100 400 bp.
