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The results obtained in this work contribute to the growing perception of recombination not as fixed feature of the genome of a species, but as a phenotype with ample genetic variation.
For example, thermal adaptation is rarely a species-specific trait, but there is ample genetic variation in thermal responses within a species.
Anthropogenically induced adaptation to invade occurs in a transition zone between natural and human-altered habitats within the native range; thus, ample genetic variation can be maintained more easily than in populations introduced to a new range.
Areas just across species range boundaries are often stressful, but even with ample genetic variation within and among range-margin populations, adaptation towards stress tolerance across range boundaries often does not occur.
Genotype-by-environment interactions suggest there is often ample genetic variation in life-history responses to nutrition (Stratton 1994; Tomkins 1999; Hairston et al. 2001; Bergland et al. 2008).
On the one hand, most Oculina populations segregate ample genetic variation and show the signature of positive, diversifying selection at the tachylectin-2 gene, demonstrating that genotypic diversity and adaptive variation are present.
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We detected ample additive genetic variation (VA) for ornamentation (FPS) as a male trait (fifty percent).
At the molecular level, viral evolution within new host species may be facilitated by ample sub-consensus genetic variation on which positive selection may act [ 26].
The selectivity of fishing on many fitness traits in salmonids, coupled with the ample evidence of underlying genetic variation in these traits, indicates that rapid evolutionary responses to fishing are possible.
Population genetics studies genetic variation in "unrelated" individuals as distinct from studying genetic variation in families or related individuals.
In any case, it is well recognized that populations of some wild progenitors, such as teosinte, exhibit remarkable levels of standing genetic variation, supplying ample raw material for the operation of artificial selection (e.g., Doebley 2004; Buckler and Stevens 2006).
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