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Maximum amount was normalized to one.
cDNA input amount was normalized upon PCR amplification of β-actin cDNA.
In double knockdown experiments, total siRNA amount was normalized between treatment groups by addition of a non-silencing siRNA up to 100 nM.
Briefly, the target gene amount was normalized to the endogenous reference (HPRT) and then compared against a calibrator (sample with the lowest expression, namely, sham-operated animals), using the formula 2−DDCT.
The RNA amount was normalized to the housekeeping gene GAPDH.
The MDA amount was normalized to the protein content [ 42].
Similar(41)
Input DNA amounts were normalized upon PCR amplification within DLG5.
Foxp3 mRNA amounts were normalized to GAPDH mRNA amounts, and fold increase compared to CD4+CD25− T cells is represented.
DNA input amounts were normalized to the presence of a genomic sequence within the murine DLG5 gene (Fig. 3H).
In all experiments, mRNA amounts were normalized to the total amount of cDNA by using amplification signals for 18S and GAPDH.
The transcript amounts were normalized to ACTB.
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