Starting a business while at college is difficult, and no amount of tips and advice is going to change that.
The amount of tip sweep had the largest effect on the energy production and blade loads; other parameters had less impact.
It could lead to a limit being imposed on the amount of tips that can be withheld from staff, or the naming and shaming of chains who do not pass on tips.
This needs to provide sufficient tip force to penetrate hard soil, and allow for a limited amount of tip movement in the (mainly) horizontal plane within the working range of tip loads.
Although the rules were changed some years ago to ensure that at least a certain portion of gratuities are reported on the recipients' tax returns, a significant amount of tips remains unreported.
Unite, which has been involved in a long-running campaign against unfair handling of service charges and tips, said the new system was "shrouded in secrecy" and staff who signed up would be swapping guaranteed pay for an unknown amount of tips.
Chen questioned the worth of the non-monetary agreements, however, writing: "Much of this non-monetary relief is not as valuable as the parties suggest... Uber may be permitting tipping, but it is also telling riders not to tip, further decreasing the amount of tips riders are likely to give".
Some restaurants, like the Stanton Social, a clubby establishment on the Lower East Side, spread the wealth by percentage at the end of the night, while others, like Indochine, assign a number of points to each job, calculate the value of each point depending on the total amount of tips and then distribute the money accordingly.
They are also alarmingly widespread, particularly in, for example, the hospitality industry (where an arbitrary amount of tips can be counted as salary), and the social care sector (where carers are sometimes not paid for the travelling time between clients' homes).
