However, differential thermal stress (resulting from global warming) and/or differential acclimation/adaptation to thermal stress amongst the three zones may be driving these disparate trends amongst reef zones.
These differences in susceptibility to natural and/or anthropogenic stress may arise, in part, from differences in the coral colonies' history of exposure to baseline environmental stress amongst the reef zones.
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The unique temporal patterns of skeletal extension exhibited by S. siderea across this inshore-offshore gradient over the past century may have arisen either from differing temperature regimes amongst these three reef zones and/or from differences in the corals' ability to tolerate thermal stress amongst these three reef zones.
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Pollution may also have contributed to the observed differences in skeletal extension amongst the three reef zones.
Therefore, we cannot exclude water motion and wave activity as a factor influencing differences in skeletal extension amongst these three reef zones.
As an initial exploration of the data we grouped observations from each core amongst the three reef zones into 15-year increments and estimated average annual skeletal extension using a random intercepts model to account for observational heterogeneity (Fig. 3).
The reasons that rates of change in annual skeletal extension of S. siderea corals differ amongst these three reef zones over the studied interval are not well constrained by the available data.
Although sedimentation can result in reduced skeletal extension for some coral species [60], and may have contributed to differences in skeletal extension trends for S. siderea amongst the three reef zones investigated in the present study, it is unclear whether sedimentation was the primary factor responsible for these observed differences.
