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Even among multiplex Jewish families with early cases, we could identify only a few with BRCA1/2 mutations.
Spritz and colleagues [ 39] have previously described genome-wide linkage analyses among multiplex vitiligo families, aimed at detecting the locations of genes that contribute to the risk of vitiligo [ 29, 39, 40].
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Further, as judged by the order of the cells in the heat map, the degree of correlation among these multiplex lectin-binding patterns essentially followed the metastatic capacity of the cells.
We observed no instance among the 27 multiplex families where a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was transmitted to all affected members in the family.
Among the 22 multiplex families, a molecular diagnosis was achieved in eight families: seven families carried mutations in autosomal recessive RP genes and one carried a mutation in the X-linked gene RP2 (MIM# 300,757).
The ability to regenerate the microarrays and to analyze more than 30 patient sera consecutively in a fully automated fashion on a single array makes this system unique among the various multiplex systems that have been developed.
Among these techniques, multiplex PCR is one of the most useful diagnostic methods, however, this method needs post gel electrophoresis, which is labor-consuming and can easily result in carry-over contamination.
The study is unique in being able to characterize familial RRs in many types of multiplex families, among spouses, half-siblings, and adoptees.
This is the first description of the plasma profiles of a reasonably large panel of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and growth factors assessed simultaneously by multiplex technique among T1R and T2R patients compared to well-matched leprosy patients without reaction.
Since 16S rDNA sequence is identical or highly similar among these species, a multiplex PCR assay with recA gene-based primers was applied for the identification of isolates within group III, as previously suggested [ 16], revealing that all isolates belong to the species Lactobacillus plantarum.
Among 228 valid culture results, 43 (19%) were positive for N. meningitidis A and three (1%) were positive for Streptococcus spp. Among 253 valid in-country multiplex PCR results, 43 (17%) were positive for N. meningitidis A, and one (<1%) was positive for S. pneumoniae.
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