In this article, important concepts of the nitrogen cycle, ammonia oxidation processes, ammonia-oxidizing organisms, and their physiology are described.
Martens-Habbena W, Qin W, Horak REA, Urakawa H, Schauer AJ, Moffett JW, et al. The production of nitric oxide by marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea and inhibition of archaeal ammonia oxidation by a nitric oxide scavenger.
Like N. maritimus, the low-salinity AOA genome appears to have an ammonia oxidation pathway distinct from ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB).
Like aerobic ammonia oxidizers, anammox bacteria use ammonia oxidation as energy-generating mechanism for autotrophic growth.
Ammonium/ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes (AOPs) contribute to ammonia oxidation in the global nitrogen cycle, including anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and aerobic ammonia oxidization.
The confirmation of archaeal ammonia oxidation was obtained by the cultivation of an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon (AOA) named Candidatus Nitrosopumilus maritimus (Könneke et al. 2005).
Emerging techniques such as anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox), nitrate shunt, and hydrogen and sulfur oxidizing autotrophic denitrification are also discussed.
Relative contributions of archaea and bacteria to aerobic ammonia oxidation in the environment.
Ammonia oxidation kinetics determine niche separation of nitrifying archaea and bacteria.
Jia, Z. & Conrad, R. Bacteria rather than Archaea dominate microbial ammonia oxidation in an agricultural soil.
New processes and players in the nitrogen cycle: the microbial ecology of anaerobic and archaeal ammonia oxidation.
