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With regard to AML, t(15 17) PML-RARA, t(8 21) AML-ETO and inv(16)(p13q22) CBFB-MYH11 were mainly identified.
In contrast, the expression of WIPI-2 was only reduced in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a distinct subtype of AML (t(15,17)).
Two (miR-126 and miR-126*), three (miR-224, miR-368 and miR-382) and seven miRNAs (from the polycistronic miR17-92 cluster) are sufficient to predict CBF AML, t(15 17) and MLL AML respectively, resulting in a diagnosis accuracy better than 94% (Table 1).
Despite the great clinical improvements that have been made in the treatment of AML, t(8 21 -associated CBF AML remains a significant clinical problem, with 30% of patients relapsing and long-term survival rates ranging between 61 and 31% (Appelbaum et al, 2006; Döhner et al, 2010; Grimwade et al, 2010; Lin et al, 2008 21 -associatedl, 2005; Narimatsu et al, 2008).
Distinctive miRNA profiles have been associated with specific cytogenetic subtypes: AML associated with translocation t(8 21), t(15 17) or inv(16) and MLL-rearranged AML; t(8 16) AML; and AML with specific gene mutations, including NPM1, FLT3 and CEBPA.
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In this study, we selected patients with therapy-related AML (t-AML) following cytotoxic treatment of malignant lymphomas as bone marrow (BM) biopsies are routinely performed during their initial staging procedures.
The reciprocal translocations t(8 21)/ AML1-ETO, t(15 17)/ PML-RARA, and inv(16)/ CBFB-MYH11 are characterised by distinct morphologic phenotypes and by a favourable prognosis; reciprocal translocations involving the MLL gene on 11q23 are, by contrast, associated with poor prognosis and are frequent in therapy-related AML (t-AML).
Seedhouse et al. reported no effect for the variant XRCC3 241Met gene alone in either de novo AML or therapy-related AML (t-AML) but demonstrated an increased risk of AML when both variants RAD51 135C and XRCC3 241Met alleles were present [ 31].
Monosomy 7 (−7) and deletions affecting the long arm of chromosome 7 [del(7q)] are highly prevalent acquired cytogenetic abnormalities in de novo and in therapy-related MDS and AML (t-MDS/t-AML) (Smith et al., 2003).
To determine whether the strong association between 'other' type of menopause and AML was explained by therapy-related AML (t-AML; Vardiman et al, 2002), we repeated the analyses after exclusion of the eight cases with t-AML.
As we have shown, PFT-μ substantially inhibited cell viability already at low micromolar concentrations in a broad range of AML, T-ALL and B-precursor ALL cell lines (including BCR-ABL positive ALL).
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