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Amendment was executed before amendment by Pub.
Amendment was executed to text in accordance with the probable intent of Congress, notwithstanding amendment of section by Pub.
Notwithstanding directory language that section be amended by "adding the following new clause at the end thereof", the amendment was executed to subsec.
(g)(1), the amendment was executed to subsec.
(g)(5), the amendment was executed to subsec.
Amendment was executed to reflect the probable intent of Congress notwithstanding a second set of quotation marks around the text directed to be stricken.
In 1989 it was the subject of a landmark ruling by the United States Supreme Court -- Penry v. Lynaugh -- that said it was not cruel and unusual punishment, in violation of the Eighth Amendment, to execute the mentally retarded.
His lawyer, Gino Battisti, is trying to convince the courts that it is a cruel and unusual punishment, and therefore a violation of the Eighth Amendment, to execute someone who is mentally retarded.
Johnson's lawyers also asked the court the bottom-line question: whether it violates the Eighth Amendment to execute someone when there's a real risk of "uncontrollable seizures". But they weren't done raising constitutional concerns.
But because of a quietly executed amendment in late April, "other drinks" with no more than 66 calories per eight ounces are now allowed.
This decision was compelled both by the decision of the Senate conferees to "recede" to the House version, and by basic rules of legislative drafting, as reflected in the legislative drafting manuals established by the House and the Senate: An amendment fails to execute if a prior amendment in the same bill removes or alters the text that the subsequent amendment would amend.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.
Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com